What Is Atopic Eczema?
Atopic eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition characterized by inflamed, itchy, and dry skin and is treatable by UVB Phototherapy. It is one of the most common forms of eczema and often develops in childhood, though it can persist into adulthood or even begin later in life.
This condition is part of the “atopic triad,” which also includes asthma and hay fever, and individuals with atopic eczema may experience one or both of these associated conditions. The exact cause of atopic eczema is unknown, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors that compromise the skin’s barrier function. While not contagious, the condition can significantly affect quality of life due to the discomfort and recurring nature of its symptoms.
What Causes Atopic Eczema?
The exact cause of atopic eczema remains unknown, but it’s clear there isn’t a single factor responsible. Commonly, it occurs in individuals prone to allergies—hence the term “atopic,” which refers to sensitivity to allergens. It often runs in families and is linked to conditions like asthma and hay fever.
Certain triggers can worsen symptoms, including soaps, detergents, stress, and weather changes. For young children with severe eczema, food allergies may also contribute. Keeping a food diary can help identify potential triggers, although allergy tests are rarely necessary unless food allergies are suspected.
Managing Atopic Eczema
While there’s no cure, effective treatments can ease symptoms and improve quality of life. Severe cases, however, may significantly impact physical and mental well-being, and there’s a higher risk of skin infections. Common treatments include:
- Self-care techniques: Reducing scratching and avoiding triggers.
- Emollients: Daily moisturizers for dry skin.
- Topical corticosteroids: Reduce swelling, redness, and itching during flare-ups.
Types of Eczema
Eczema refers to a group of skin conditions causing dryness and irritation. Other types include:
- Discoid eczema: Circular or oval patches of eczema.
- Contact dermatitis: Triggered by contact with specific substances.
- Varicose eczema: Usually affects the lower legs due to poor blood flow.
- Seborrhoeic eczema: Red, scaly patches on areas like the nose, scalp, and ears.
- Dyshidrotic eczema (pompholyx): Causes tiny blisters on the palms.
Understanding triggers and available treatments can help manage symptoms and improve daily life for those with eczema.
